Sugar

Sugar is a simple carbohydrate extracted primarily from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) or sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). It most commonly takes the form of sucrose, a disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose. Naturally present in many fruits and vegetables, it is also produced industrially and widely used in food as a sweetener, preservative, and texturing agent. Physiologically, the glucose resulting from sucrose digestion is the primary energy source for cells, particularly the brain and muscles. Carbohydrates, of which sugar is a part, contribute to normal energy-yielding metabolism. However, excessive consumption is associated with various metabolic imbalances. In the context of food supplements, sugar generally acts as an excipient, flavouring agent, or formulation support rather than as an active ingredient per se. Its presence is therefore most often functional, at very low doses and without any specific nutritional purpose.