BCAA 4:1:1

BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids) are a group of three essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Classified as essential, they cannot be synthesised by the body and must be obtained through diet or supplementation. The 4:1:1 ratio refers to the proportion of each amino acid, with leucine present at four times the amount of isoleucine and valine. Leucine plays a central role in muscle anabolic signalling, particularly by activating the mTOR pathway, which is involved in muscle protein synthesis. BCAAs also contribute to reducing muscle breakdown during intense and prolonged physical exercise, and help maintain a favourable nitrogen balance. BCAA 4:1:1 supplementation is especially relevant for individuals engaged in regular physical activity, particularly during periods of caloric restriction or intensive training, when dietary intake of essential amino acids may be insufficient to meet recovery and muscle mass preservation needs.